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61.
采用Seemann-Bohlin准聚焦X射线衍射仪测量薄膜厚度的误差理论分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从理论上分析了衍射强度比偏差Δ(I/I∞)和衍射峰位偏差Δ2θ对Seemann-Bohlin准聚焦X射线衍射仪测量表面单层薄膜厚度误差的影响。分析结果表明,降低Δ(I/I∞)可提高膜厚的测量精度,在Δ(I/I∞)-定的情况下,按μρt[Sin(-1)γ+Sin(-1)(2θ-γ)]=1选择靶辐射和衍射晶面可使由Δ(I/I∞)导致的膜厚测量误差具有极小值;选择高角度衍射线有助于减小试样离焦引起的衍射峰位偏差,亦可降低因衍射角测量偏差导致的膜厚测量误差,当衍射线处于薄膜的法向2θ=γ+π/2时,角度项误差(Δt/t)(2θ)完全消除。 相似文献
62.
This work describes a hybrid procedure for eliminating major interference sources in aqueous near-infrared (NIR) spectra, that include aqueous influence, noise, and systemic variations irrelevant to concentration. The scheme consists of two parts: extension of wavelet prism (WPe) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC). First, WPe is employed to remove variations due to aqueous absorbance and noise; then OSC is applied to remove systemic spectral variations irrelevant to concentration. Although water possesses strong absorption bands that overshadow and overlap the absorption bands of analytes, along with noise and systematic interference, successful calibration models can be generated by employing the method proposed here. We show that the elimination of major interference sources from the aqueous NIR spectra results in a substantial improvement in the precision of prediction, and reduces the required number of PLS components in the model. In addition, the strategy proposed here can be applied to various analytical data for quantitative purposes as well. 相似文献
63.
Jian-binSong Min-qiaoRen Qing-yongChen Shu-yunWang Qing-xiangZhao Hong-fangZhang 莫志深 《高分子科学》2004,(5):491-496
Based on the X-ray scattering intensity theory and using the approximate expression for the atomic scattering factor, the correction factors for three crystalline peaks and an amorphous peak of Nylon 1212 were calculated and the formula of degree of crystallinity of Nylon 1212 was derived by a graphic multipeak resolution method. The degree of crystallinity calculated from the WAXD method is compatible with those obtained by density and calorimetry methods. 相似文献
64.
Correlated intermolecular interaction components from asymptotically corrected Kohn-Sham orbitals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SONG Huajie XIAO Heming & DONG Haishan . Department of Chemistry Nanjing University of Science Technology Nanjing China . Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2004,47(6):466-479
In these years there was considerable interest inunderstanding of intermolecular forces in energetic(explosive) systems[1—3]. The supermolecular approach(SM) is widely adopted for calculating ab initio in-termolecular interactions. Nevertheless, it is unable toprovide physically meaningful interaction contribu-tions such as electrostatic, induction, repulsion anddispersion energies. In contrast, the symmetry-adaptedperturbation theory (SAPT)[4—8] has the ability to de-rive these correlated… 相似文献
65.
本文提出在原子吸收光谱测定中,采用Smith-Hieftje法校正背景时,空心阴极灯供电条件(即最佳宽窄脉冲电流)的选择依据和选择方法;并给出24个常见元素的宽窄脉冲电流的选定结果。 相似文献
66.
小波变换用于高效液相色谱的基线校正 总被引:26,自引:9,他引:26
本文根据小波变换将信号分频的性质,用Daubechies小波成功地解决了高效液相色谱中基线校正问题,用于定量分析乳酸-稀土络合物体系中的十六个稀土元素,所得结果与仪器给出了结果进行比较,准确度提高,重现性良好。 相似文献
67.
The processing and error analysis of signals in flow-injection systems were systematically studied by simulation and experimental measurements. The content includes an error analysis for peak-height and peak-area signal, a least-squares filtering procedure applied to the flow-injection curve and a peak recognition to remove interferences from air bubbles. Simulation results were obtained by statistical processing of peak-height and peak-area values from Gaussian curves to which noise had been added. The experimental measurements were done by an automatic flow-injection device to obtain detailed information for each individual point of a peak. 2-(2-Arsenophenylazo)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenylazo-4-sulphonic acid)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulphonic acid (DCSA) was used for measuring physical dispersion alone, and Fe(II)-o-phenanthroline for the measurement of both physical dispersion and chemical reaction. The results from computer simulation and experiments agreed well. 相似文献
68.
Historically, due to the size and nature of the instrumentation, highly skilled laboratory professionals performed clinical
testing in centralized laboratories. Today’s clinicians demand realtime test data at the point of care. This has led to a
new generation of compact, portable instruments permitting ”laboratory” testing to be performed at or near the patient’s bedside
by nonlaboratory workers who are unfamiliar with testing practices. Poorly controlled testing processes leading to poor quality
test results are an insidious problem facing point of care testing today. Manufacturers are addressing this issue through
instrument design. Providers of clinical test results, regardless of location, working with manufacturers and regulators must
create and manage complete test systems that eliminate or minimize sources of error. The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory
Standards (NCCLS) in its EP18 guideline, ”Quality management for unit-use testing,” has developed a quality management system
approach specifically for test devices used for point of care testing (POCT). Simply stated, EP18 utilizes a ”sources of error”
matrix to identify and address potential errors that can impact the test result. The key is the quality systems approach where
all stakeholders – professionals, manufacturers and regulators – collaboratively seek ways to manage errors and ensure quality. We illustrate the use of one quality systems approach, EP18, as a means to advance the quality of test results at point of
care.
Received: 26 June, 2002 Accepted: 17 July 2002
Presented at the European Conference on Quality in the Spotlight in Medical Laboratories, 7–9 October 2001, Antwerp, Belgium
Abbreviations NCCLS National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (formerly) · POCT point of care testing · QC quality control ·
HACCP hazard analysis critical control points · CLIA clinical laboratory improvement amendments (of 1988)
Correspondence to S. S. Ehrmeyer 相似文献
69.
Semyon Rabinovich 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(11):603-608
The “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” (GUM) is an extremely important document. It unifies methods for
calculating measurement uncertainty and enables the consistent interpretation and comparison of measurement results, regardless
of who obtained these measurements and where they were obtained. Since the document was published in 1995, it has been realised
that its recommendations do not properly address an important class of measurements, namely, non-linear indirect measurements.
This drawback prompted the initiation of the revision of the GUM in the Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides
in Metrology, which commenced in October 2006. The upcoming revision of the GUM provides the metrological community with an
opportunity to improve this important document, in particular, to reflect developments in metrology that have occurred since
the first GUM publication in 1995. Thus, a discussion of the directions for this revision is important and timely. By identifying
several shortcomings of the GUM and proposing directions for its improvement, we hope this article will contribute to this
discussion.
Papers published in this section do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editors, the Editorial Board and the Publisher. 相似文献
70.